Rice Production: From Field to Table
Identify the stages → learn the sentence formulas → link the sentences → translate → build the Introduction, Overview, Body 1 and Body 2.
The Task
The diagram below shows the stages in the production of rice, from planting the seeds to packing the rice for sale.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
1How many stages? Name them.
The diagram has 8 stages. It is a man-made process shown as a linear sequence – from sowing rice seeds in a nursery bed to packing milled rice into bags for sale.
Phase 1 – Growing rice in the field (Stages 1–4)
- 1Sowing seedsRice seeds are planted in a small nursery bed.
- 2TransplantingThe young plants are moved to the main field.
- 3Growing in a flooded fieldThe plants grow in a field covered with water.
- 4HarvestingThe ripe rice plants are cut.
Phase 2 – Processing and packing (Stages 5–8)
- 5ThreshingThe grains are separated from the stalks.
- 6DryingThe grains are dried in the sun.
- 7MillingThe husks and bran are removed in a mill.
- 8PackingThe white rice is packed into bags for sale.
3Sentence Formulas – All Stages
Use these formulas to build one sentence for each stage, then check yourself in Step 5. Band 6.0 = safe and clear · Band 7.0 = more precise and more complex.
| Stage | Band 6.0 formula | Band 7.0 formula |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Sowing seeds | Sequencer + S + are + V3 + in + adj + N | The process commences when + S + are + V3 + in + N, where + they + develop into + adj + N |
| 2 Transplanting | Sequencer + after about + time + adj + N + are + V3 + to + adj-er + N | Approximately + time + later + these + N + are + precise V3 + into + adj + N |
| 3 Growing in a flooded field | Sequencer + S + are + V3 + in + N, which + is + V3 + with + N + for about + time | Following this + S + is kept + V3 + with + N + for roughly + time, during which time + the plants + reach + N |
| 4 Harvesting | Then + S + are + V3 + when + S + are + adj | Once + adj (reduced clause) + S + are + precise V3 + from + N, V-ing participle (summary) |
| 5 Threshing | In the + phase + S + are + V3 + from + N + by + adj + N | Turning to the + phase + the + V3 + N + are + precise V3 + to + V + N + from + N |
| 6 Drying | Sequencer + S + are + V3 + in + N | Subsequently + the + V3 + N + are + V3 + out + to dry + in + N |
| 7 Milling | Sequencer + adj + N + are + V3 + to + N, where + N and N + are + V3 | Following this + S + are + V3 + in + N, in which + the + adj + N and N + are + V3 + away |
| 8 Packing | Final sequencer + adj + N + is + V3 + into + N + and + V3 | In the final stage + the + adj + N + is + V3 + into + N, ready to be + V3 + to + N |
4Linkers – Sequencing Words & Transitions
Use a different linker for each stage. Avoid “Then … Then … Then”.
Beginning
- First / Firstly
- To begin with
- In the initial stage
- The process begins with + N / V-ing
Middle (next step)
- After that / Afterwards
- Next / then (be + then + V3)
- Following this / Subsequently
- In the next stage
Time clauses (finished step)
- Once + S + have been + V3, …
- Once + (fully) + V3, …
- After being + V3, …
Inside the same stage
- during this stage / process
- …, where + clause
- …, in which + clause
- …, which + verb
- …, a process that + verb
Change of phase
- In the second phase, …
- Turning to the second phase, …
Ending
- Finally / Lastly
- In the final stage
- The process ends with + N
- … culminating in + N
5Translation Practice – Vietnamese → English
Translate each sentence. The word in ( ) is the key word you must use. Check the Tense note, write your answer, then press Show answer.
Đầu tiên, hạt lúa được gieo (planted) trong một luống mạ nhỏ.
Tiếp theo, sau khoảng ba đến bốn tuần, cây non được chuyển (moved) sang một cánh đồng lớn hơn.
Sau đó, lúa được trồng trên một cánh đồng ngập (covered) nước trong khoảng ba tháng.
Sau đó, cây lúa được cắt (cut) khi chúng đã chín.
Ở giai đoạn thứ hai, hạt lúa được tách (separated) khỏi thân cây bằng máy tuốt lúa.
Sau đó, hạt lúa được phơi khô (dried) dưới nắng.
Tiếp theo, hạt khô được đưa đến nhà máy xay, nơi vỏ trấu (husks) và cám được loại bỏ.
Cuối cùng, gạo trắng được đóng (packed) vào bao và bán ra.
Quá trình bắt đầu khi hạt lúa được gieo trong luống mạ, nơi chúng phát triển thành cây mạ non (seedlings).
Khoảng ba đến bốn tuần sau, những cây mạ này được cấy (transplanted) ra ruộng chính.
Tiếp theo đó, cánh đồng được giữ ngập nước trong khoảng ba tháng, trong thời gian đó lúa đạt độ trưởng thành (maturity).
Một khi đã chín, cây lúa được thu hoạch (harvested) từ ruộng, đánh dấu sự kết thúc của giai đoạn sinh trưởng.
Chuyển sang giai đoạn chế biến, lúa đã thu hoạch được tuốt (threshed) để tách hạt khỏi rơm.
Sau đó, hạt lúa được trải ra (spread out) để phơi khô dưới nắng.
Tiếp theo đó, hạt được chế biến trong nhà máy xay, trong đó lớp vỏ trấu và lớp cám bên ngoài được bóc tách (stripped away).
Ở giai đoạn cuối, gạo đã xay xát được đóng vào bao, sẵn sàng để bán cho người tiêu dùng (consumers).
6Linker Practice
Part A: drag (or tap) the linkers into the gaps. Part B: translate 10 sentences using the linker in ( ).
Part A – Drag & Drop (10 sentences)
Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to remove its linker.
- , rice seeds are planted in a nursery bed.
- The seeds are sown in a nursery bed, they grow into seedlings.
- The seedlings are transplanted about three to four weeks.
- The field is flooded for three months, which time the plants grow.
- ripe, the rice is harvested.
- the processing phase, the grains are separated from the stalks.
- The plants are threshed separate the grains from the straw.
- The grains are dried in the sun and taken to a mill.
- In the mill, the husks are removed, leaves white rice.
- , the rice is packed into bags for sale.
Part B – Translate with Linkers (10 sentences)
Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.
Quá trình bắt đầu bằng (begins with) việc gieo hạt lúa.
Hạt được gieo trên luống mạ, nơi mà (where) chúng mọc thành cây non.
Sau khoảng ba tuần (After about three weeks), cây mạ được cấy ra ruộng.
Ruộng được giữ ngập nước, trong thời gian đó (during which time) lúa lớn lên.
Một khi (Once) đã chín, lúa được thu hoạch.
Chuyển sang (Turning to) giai đoạn chế biến, lúa được tuốt.
Tiếp theo đó (Following this), hạt lúa được phơi khô dưới nắng.
Vỏ trấu được bóc đi, điều này (which) để lại gạo trắng.
Ở giai đoạn cuối (In the final stage), gạo được đóng vào bao.
Quá trình kết thúc bằng (ends with) việc gạo được bán cho người tiêu dùng.
7Introduction – Paraphrasing the Task
Replace the task words with synonyms. Yellow = Band 6 feature · Purple = Band 7 feature.
| Original words (task) | Synonym 1 – Band 5.5 | Synonym 2 – Band 6.5 | Synonym 3 – Band 7.0 |
|---|---|---|---|
| The diagram (below) shows | The diagram shows | The diagram illustrates | The given diagram depicts |
| the stages in the production of rice | the steps in producing rice | how rice is produced | the successive stages involved in rice production |
| from planting the seeds | from planting the seeds | from the time the seeds are planted | from the sowing of seeds |
| to packing the rice for sale | to packing the rice for sale | until it is put into bags to be sold | to the packaging of the finished product for sale |
Sample Introductions
The diagram illustrates how rice is produced, from the time the seeds are planted until it is put into bags to be sold.
Band 6 features: a common reporting verb (illustrates), a how + passive clause and two time clauses (from the time …, until …).
The given diagram depicts the successive stages involved in rice production, from the sowing of seeds to the packaging of the finished product for sale.
Band 7 features: precise verb (depicts), a compound noun (rice production) and nominalisation (the sowing of seeds, the packaging of the finished product).
The diagram shows / illustrates how rice is produced / the stages in rice production, from the planting / sowing of seeds to the packing of the rice for sale.
8Overview – Band 5.0 · 6.0 · 7.0
An overview gives (1) the number of stages and (2) the start and end; higher bands add (3) the main phases in more precise language. No details (no “3–4 weeks”, “3 months”, “straw” or “husks and bran”).
Band 5.0
Overall, there are eight steps in this process. It starts with planting rice seeds and finishes with putting the rice into bags.
Why only Band 5: two short simple sentences, basic words (steps, starts, finishes), no phases.
Band 6.0
Overall, there are eight stages in the process, which can be divided into two main phases: growing rice in the field and processing it. The process begins with rice seeds being planted and ends with the rice being packed into bags for sale.
Band 7.0
Overall, the process comprises eight distinct stages, which fall into two main phases – cultivation in the field and post-harvest processing – commencing with the sowing of rice seeds and culminating in the packaging of milled rice for sale.
Band 7 features: comprises, distinct, fall into, dashes for the phases, nominalisation (the + N of + N), commencing with … culminating in in one sentence.
Overall, there are number stages in the process, which can be divided into two main phases: phase 1 and phase 2. The process begins with V-ing / N and ends with V-ing / N.
Overall, the process comprises number distinct stages, which fall into two main phases – phase 1 and phase 2 – commencing with the + N of + N and culminating in the + N of + N.
9Writing Practice – Paragraph by Paragraph
Essay plan: Introduction → Overview → Body 1: Stages 1–4 → Body 2: Stages 5–8. Your writing is saved automatically on this device.
| Paragraph | From | To | Content | Suggested words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Introduction | – | – | Paraphrase the task | 20–35 |
| Overview | Stage 1 | Stage 8 | Number of stages, 2 phases, start → end | 30–40 |
| Body 1 | 1. Sowing seeds | 4. Harvesting | Growing rice in the field: Sowing seeds → Transplanting → Growing in a flooded field → Harvesting | 60–80 |
| Body 2 | 5. Threshing | 8. Packing | Processing and packing: Threshing → Drying → Milling → Packing | 50–70 |
A · Introduction
Exercise 1 – Match the paraphrase
Choose the best synonym for each original word from the task.
- shows →
- the production of rice →
- planting the seeds →
- packing →
- below →
Exercise 2 – Complete the Introduction
Type ONE word in each gap (do not copy the task words).
The diagram the successive stages in rice production, from the of seeds to the of the finished product for sale.
Exercise 3 – Write your Introduction
Use the template in Step 7. Use at least 3 synonyms from the table.
Words: 0 (target 20–35)
B · Overview
Exercise 4 – Complete the Overview
Type ONE word (or number) in each gap.
, there are stages in the process, which can be into two main : growing rice in the and processing it. The process with rice seeds being planted and with the rice being packed into bags for sale.
Exercise 5 – Choose the best Overview
Which sentence is a good Band 6.0+ overview?
Exercise 6 – Write your Overview
Use the Band 6.0 or Band 7.0 template in Step 8.
Words: 0 (target 30–40)
C · Body 1 – from Stage 1 to Stage 4
Exercise 7 – Passive verbs
Write the correct passive form (V3) of the verb in brackets.
- First, rice seeds (plant) in a small nursery bed.
- After three to four weeks, the young plants (move) to a larger field.
- The field (cover) with water.
- The plants (grow) there for about three months.
- Then, the rice plants (cut).
Exercise 8 – Check the details in the diagram
Look at the diagram and complete each fact (one word or number).
- The seeds are first planted in a bed.
- The young plants are moved after about three to weeks.
- The field is covered with .
- The plants grow in the field for about months.
Exercise 9 – Write Body 1 (Stages 1 → 4)
Start with “In the first phase, … / The process commences when …”. Use different linkers and include the key details.
Words: 0 (target 60–80)
D · Body 2 – from Stage 5 to Stage 8
Exercise 10 – Put the sentences in order
Choose 1–4 for each sentence.
Exercise 11 – Choose the correct linker
Pick the word or phrase that fits each gap.
- , the plants to separate the grains.
- The grains are processed in a mill, the husks are stripped away.
- , the rice is packed into bags, to be sold.
Exercise 12 – Write Body 2 (Stages 5 → 8)
Start with “In the second phase, … / Turning to the processing phase, …”.
Words: 0 (target 50–70)
E · Put it all together
Exercise 13 – Your full essay
Press “Collect my paragraphs” to copy your four paragraphs here, then edit them into one essay.
Words: 0 (minimum 150)
Model Answers – Band 6.0 & Band 7.0
Try writing your own essay first, then open a model to compare. Highlighted = key collocations to learn.