Recycling Glass Bottles
Identify the stages → learn the sentence formulas → link the sentences → translate → build the Introduction, Overview, Body 1 and Body 2.
The Task
The diagram below shows the process for recycling glass bottles.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.
Write at least 150 words.
1How many stages? Name them.
The diagram has 8 stages. It is a man-made process shown as a cycle: used bottles are collected, turned into new bottles and sold again, after which they return to the bottle bank.
Phase 1 – Collection and preparation of used glass (Stages 1–4)
- 1CollectionUsed bottles are collected from bottle banks.
- 2WashingThe bottles are taken to a plant and washed with high-pressure water.
- 3Sorting by colourThe glass is sorted into clear, green and brown.
- 4CrushingThe glass is crushed into small pieces called cullet.
Phase 2 – Production and sale of new bottles (Stages 5–8)
- 5MeltingThe cullet is mixed with raw materials and melted at 1,500°C.
- 6MouldingThe liquid glass is poured into moulds to make new bottles.
- 7FillingThe new bottles are filled with drinks.
- 8Sale in shopsThe bottles are sold in shops and later return to bottle banks.
3Sentence Formulas – All Stages
Use these formulas to build one sentence for each stage, then check yourself in Step 5. Band 6.0 = safe and clear · Band 7.0 = more precise and more complex.
| Stage | Band 6.0 formula | Band 7.0 formula |
|---|---|---|
| 1 Collection | Sequencer + adj + N + are + V3 + from + place | The process commences when + adj + N + are + precise V3 + from + adj + N |
| 2 Washing | Sequencer + they + are + V3 + to + place, where + they + are + V3 + with + N | Following this + S + are + V3 + to + place + and + adverb + V3 + using + N |
| 3 Sorting by colour | Sequencer + S + are + V3 + into + number + N: N, N and N | Once + adj (reduced clause) + S + is + V3 + according to + N + into + adj + N |
| 4 Crushing | Then + S + is + V3 + into + adj + N, which + are called + N | Subsequently + each + N + is + phrasal V3 + into + adj + N + known as + N, adj + for + V-ing |
| 5 Melting | In the + phase + S + is + V3 + with + N + and + V3 + in + place + at + temperature | Turning to the + phase + S + is + V3 + with + N + such as + N + and + V3 + to + temperature + until + S + V + adj |
| 6 Moulding | Sequencer + adj + N + is + V3 + into + N + to + V (purpose) | The + adj + N + is then + V3 + into + N, where + it + is + V3 + into + adj + N |
| 7 Filling | Sequencer + adj + N + are + V3 + with + N | Following this + the + adverb + V3 + N + are + V3 + with + N + adj + for + N |
| 8 Sale in shops | Final sequencer + S + are + V3 + in + place, and after + N + they + are + V3 + to + place | In the final stage + S + are + V3 + to + N and V3 + before + V-ing + N + to + V + N |
4Linkers – Sequencing Words & Transitions
Use a different linker for each stage. Avoid “Then … Then … Then”.
Beginning
- First / Firstly
- To begin with
- In the initial stage
- The process begins with + N / V-ing
Middle (next step)
- After that / Afterwards
- Next / then (be + then + V3)
- Following this / Subsequently
- In the next stage
Time clauses (finished step)
- Once + S + have been + V3, …
- Once + (fully) + V3, …
- After being + V3, …
Inside the same stage
- during this stage / process
- …, where + clause
- …, in which + clause
- …, which + verb
- …, a process that + verb
Change of phase
- In the second phase, …
- Turning to the second phase, …
Ending
- Finally / Lastly
- In the final stage
- The process ends with + N
- … culminating in + N
5Translation Practice – Vietnamese → English
Translate each sentence. The word in ( ) is the key word you must use. Check the Tense note, write your answer, then press Show answer.
Đầu tiên, chai thuỷ tinh đã qua sử dụng được thu gom (collected) từ các thùng chứa chai.
Tiếp theo, chúng được đưa đến một nhà máy làm sạch, nơi chúng được rửa bằng nước áp lực cao (high-pressure).
Sau đó, những chai này được phân loại (sorted) thành ba màu: trong suốt, xanh lá và nâu.
Sau đó, thuỷ tinh được nghiền (crushed) thành những mảnh nhỏ, được gọi là cullet.
Ở giai đoạn thứ hai, cullet được trộn với cát và nấu chảy (melted) trong lò ở 1.500°C.
Tiếp theo, thuỷ tinh lỏng được cho vào khuôn (moulds) để tạo ra chai mới.
Sau đó, những chai mới được đóng đầy (filled) đồ uống.
Cuối cùng, những chai này được bán ở cửa hàng, và sau khi dùng chúng được trả lại (returned) các thùng chứa chai.
Quá trình bắt đầu khi chai thuỷ tinh đã qua sử dụng được tập hợp (gathered) từ các thùng chứa chai công cộng.
Tiếp theo đó, những chai này được vận chuyển (transported) đến một nhà máy làm sạch và được rửa kỹ bằng nước áp lực cao.
Một khi đã sạch, thuỷ tinh được tách riêng theo (according to) màu sắc thành các loại trong suốt, xanh lá và nâu.
Sau đó, mỗi loại màu được đập vụn (broken down) thành các mảnh nhỏ gọi là cullet, sẵn sàng để nấu chảy.
Chuyển sang giai đoạn sản xuất, cullet được kết hợp với nguyên liệu thô (raw materials) như cát và được nung tới 1.500°C cho đến khi hoá lỏng.
Thuỷ tinh nóng chảy (molten) sau đó được rót vào khuôn, nơi nó được định hình thành những chiếc chai mới.
Tiếp theo đó, những chiếc chai mới được sản xuất (newly manufactured) được rót đầy đồ uống, sẵn sàng để bán.
Ở giai đoạn cuối, những chiếc chai được phân phối (distributed) đến các cửa hàng và bán ra, trước khi quay trở lại thùng chứa chai để bắt đầu lại chu trình.
6Linker Practice
Part A: drag (or tap) the linkers into the gaps. Part B: translate 10 sentences using the linker in ( ).
Part A – Drag & Drop (10 sentences)
Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to remove its linker.
- , used glass bottles are collected from bottle banks.
- They are taken to a plant, they are washed.
- clean, the glass is sorted by colour.
- The glass is crushed into small pieces, are called cullet.
- the production phase, the cullet is melted.
- The cullet is heated it becomes liquid.
- The liquid glass is poured into moulds make new bottles.
- The new bottles are filled with drinks and sent to shops.
- The bottles are sold in shops returning to bottle banks.
- , the process begins again.
Part B – Translate with Linkers (10 sentences)
Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.
Quá trình bắt đầu bằng (begins with) việc thu gom chai đã qua sử dụng.
Chai được đưa đến một nhà máy, nơi mà (where) chúng được rửa sạch.
Một khi (Once) đã sạch, thuỷ tinh được phân loại theo màu.
Thuỷ tinh được nghiền thành mảnh nhỏ, những mảnh này (which) được gọi là cullet.
Chuyển sang (Turning to) giai đoạn sản xuất, cullet được nấu chảy trong lò.
Cullet được nung cho đến khi (until) nó hoá lỏng.
Tiếp theo đó (Following this), thuỷ tinh lỏng được rót vào khuôn.
Sau đó (Subsequently), những chai mới được rót đầy đồ uống.
Ở giai đoạn cuối (In the final stage), chai được bán ở cửa hàng.
Quá trình kết thúc bằng (ends with) việc chai được đưa trở lại thùng thu gom.
7Introduction – Paraphrasing the Task
Replace the task words with synonyms. Yellow = Band 6 feature · Purple = Band 7 feature.
| Original words (task) | Synonym 1 – Band 5.5 | Synonym 2 – Band 6.5 | Synonym 3 – Band 7.0 |
|---|---|---|---|
| The diagram (below) shows | The diagram shows | The diagram illustrates | The given diagram depicts |
| the process for recycling | the process of recycling | how … are recycled | the stages involved in reprocessing |
| glass bottles | glass bottles | used glass bottles | used glass containers |
Sample Introductions
The diagram illustrates how used glass bottles are recycled so that they can be used again.
Band 6 features: a common reporting verb (illustrates), a how + passive clause and a simple purpose clause.
The given diagram depicts the stages involved in reprocessing used glass containers so that they can be sold once more.
Band 7 features: precise verb (depicts), academic noun phrase (the stages involved in reprocessing) and precise synonyms (containers).
The diagram shows / illustrates how used glass bottles are recycled / the stages involved in recycling glass bottles so that they can be used again.
8Overview – Band 5.0 · 6.0 · 7.0
An overview gives (1) the number of stages and (2) the start and end; higher bands add (3) the main phases in more precise language. No details (no “1,500°C”, “high-pressure water”, colours or “cullet”).
Band 5.0
Overall, there are eight steps in this process. It starts with collecting old bottles and finishes with selling new bottles in shops.
Why only Band 5: two short simple sentences, basic words (steps, starts, finishes), no phases.
Band 6.0
Overall, there are eight stages in the process, which can be divided into two main phases: the collection and preparation of used glass and the production and sale of new bottles. The process begins with the collection of used bottles and ends with new bottles being sold, so it is a cyclical process.
Band 7.0
Overall, the process comprises eight distinct stages, which fall into two main phases – the collection and preparation of used glass and the manufacture and sale of new bottles – commencing with the collection of bottles from bottle banks and culminating in the sale of new bottles in shops.
Band 7 features: comprises, distinct, fall into, dashes for the phases, nominalisation (the + N of + N), commencing with … culminating in in one sentence.
Overall, there are number stages in the process, which can be divided into two main phases: phase 1 and phase 2. The process begins with V-ing / N and ends with V-ing / N.
Overall, the process comprises number distinct stages, which fall into two main phases – phase 1 and phase 2 – commencing with the + N of + N and culminating in the + N of + N.
9Writing Practice – Paragraph by Paragraph
Essay plan: Introduction → Overview → Body 1: Stages 1–4 → Body 2: Stages 5–8. Your writing is saved automatically on this device.
| Paragraph | From | To | Content | Suggested words |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Introduction | – | – | Paraphrase the task | 20–35 |
| Overview | Stage 1 | Stage 8 | Number of stages, 2 phases, start → end | 30–40 |
| Body 1 | 1. Collection | 4. Crushing | Collection and preparation of used glass: Collection → Washing → Sorting by colour → Crushing | 60–80 |
| Body 2 | 5. Melting | 8. Sale in shops | Production and sale of new bottles: Melting → Moulding → Filling → Sale in shops | 50–70 |
A · Introduction
Exercise 1 – Match the paraphrase
Choose the best synonym for each original word from the task.
- shows →
- recycling →
- bottles →
- below →
- the process →
Exercise 2 – Complete the Introduction
Type ONE word in each gap (do not copy the task words).
The diagram the stages in reprocessing used glass so that they can be once more.
Exercise 3 – Write your Introduction
Use the template in Step 7. Use at least 3 synonyms from the table.
Words: 0 (target 20–35)
B · Overview
Exercise 4 – Complete the Overview
Type ONE word (or number) in each gap.
, there are stages in the process, which can be into two main : the collection and preparation of used glass and the and sale of new bottles. The process with the collection of used bottles and with new bottles being sold, so it is a process.
Exercise 5 – Choose the best Overview
Which sentence is a good Band 6.0+ overview?
Exercise 6 – Write your Overview
Use the Band 6.0 or Band 7.0 template in Step 8.
Words: 0 (target 30–40)
C · Body 1 – from Stage 1 to Stage 4
Exercise 7 – Passive verbs
Write the correct passive form (V3) of the verb in brackets.
- First, used glass bottles (collect) from bottle banks.
- Next, they (take) to a cleaning plant.
- There, they (wash) with high-pressure water.
- After that, the bottles (sort) into three colours.
- Then, the glass (crush) into small pieces.
Exercise 8 – Check the details in the diagram
Look at the diagram and complete each fact (one word or number).
- The bottles are washed with water.
- The glass is sorted into clear, green and glass.
- The small pieces of crushed glass are called .
- In the first phase, there are stages.
Exercise 9 – Write Body 1 (Stages 1 → 4)
Start with “In the first phase, … / The process commences when …”. Use different linkers and include the key details.
Words: 0 (target 60–80)
D · Body 2 – from Stage 5 to Stage 8
Exercise 10 – Put the sentences in order
Choose 1–4 for each sentence.
Exercise 11 – Choose the correct linker
Pick the word or phrase that fits each gap.
- , the cullet to 1,500°C.
- The molten glass is poured into moulds, it is shaped into bottles.
- , the bottles in shops.
Exercise 12 – Write Body 2 (Stages 5 → 8)
Start with “In the second phase, … / Turning to the production phase, …”.
Words: 0 (target 50–70)
E · Put it all together
Exercise 13 – Your full essay
Press “Collect my paragraphs” to copy your four paragraphs here, then edit them into one essay.
Words: 0 (minimum 150)
Model Answers – Band 6.0 & Band 7.0
Try writing your own essay first, then open a model to compare. Highlighted = key collocations to learn.