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IELTS Writing Task 1Process DiagramBand 6.0 vs Band 7.0STUDENT'S EDITION

Recycling Glass Bottles

Identify the stages → learn the sentence formulas → link the sentences → translate → build the Introduction, Overview, Body 1 and Body 2.

The Task

The diagram below shows the process for recycling glass bottles.

Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

Write at least 150 words.

Recycling glass bottlesPhase 1: Collection and preparation of used glass (stages 1–4)Phase 2: Production and sale of new bottles (stages 5–8)1Collection atbottle banks2Washing+ high-pressure water3Sorting by colour↗ clear, green, brown4Crushing intocullet*↗ cullet5Melting in afurnace1,500°C+ raw materials (sand)6Moulding newbottles7Filling withdrinks8Sold in shops↗ back to bottle banksGlass recycling*cullet: small pieces of crushed glass ready for melting. Figures are illustrative.
← swipe to see the whole diagram →

1How many stages? Name them.

The diagram has 8 stages. It is a man-made process shown as a cycle: used bottles are collected, turned into new bottles and sold again, after which they return to the bottle bank.

Phase 1 – Collection and preparation of used glass (Stages 1–4)

  1. 1
    CollectionUsed bottles are collected from bottle banks.
  2. 2
    WashingThe bottles are taken to a plant and washed with high-pressure water.
  3. 3
    Sorting by colourThe glass is sorted into clear, green and brown.
  4. 4
    CrushingThe glass is crushed into small pieces called cullet.

Phase 2 – Production and sale of new bottles (Stages 5–8)

  1. 5
    MeltingThe cullet is mixed with raw materials and melted at 1,500°C.
  2. 6
    MouldingThe liquid glass is poured into moulds to make new bottles.
  3. 7
    FillingThe new bottles are filled with drinks.
  4. 8
    Sale in shopsThe bottles are sold in shops and later return to bottle banks.
The diagram does not label the phases. This lesson divides the cycle into preparing the old glass (stages 1–4) and making and selling new bottles (stages 5–8).

3Sentence Formulas – All Stages

Use these formulas to build one sentence for each stage, then check yourself in Step 5. Band 6.0 = safe and clear · Band 7.0 = more precise and more complex.

LinkerSubjectVerb (be + V3)Object / Place / ResultTime / Purpose
StageBand 6.0 formulaBand 7.0 formula
1 CollectionSequencer + adj + N + are + V3 + from + placeThe process commences when + adj + N + are + precise V3 + from + adj + N
2 WashingSequencer + they + are + V3 + to + place, where + they + are + V3 + with + NFollowing this + S + are + V3 + to + place + and + adverb + V3 + using + N
3 Sorting by colourSequencer + S + are + V3 + into + number + N: N, N and NOnce + adj (reduced clause) + S + is + V3 + according to + N + into + adj + N
4 CrushingThen + S + is + V3 + into + adj + N, which + are called + NSubsequently + each + N + is + phrasal V3 + into + adj + N + known as + N, adj + for + V-ing
5 MeltingIn the + phase + S + is + V3 + with + N + and + V3 + in + place + at + temperatureTurning to the + phase + S + is + V3 + with + N + such as + N + and + V3 + to + temperature + until + S + V + adj
6 MouldingSequencer + adj + N + is + V3 + into + N + to + V (purpose)The + adj + N + is then + V3 + into + N, where + it + is + V3 + into + adj + N
7 FillingSequencer + adj + N + are + V3 + with + NFollowing this + the + adverb + V3 + N + are + V3 + with + N + adj + for + N
8 Sale in shopsFinal sequencer + S + are + V3 + in + place, and after + N + they + are + V3 + to + placeIn the final stage + S + are + V3 + to + N and V3 + before + V-ing + N + to + V + N

4Linkers – Sequencing Words & Transitions

Use a different linker for each stage. Avoid “Then … Then … Then”.

Beginning

  • First / Firstly
  • To begin with
  • In the initial stage
  • The process begins with + N / V-ing

Middle (next step)

  • After that / Afterwards
  • Next / then (be + then + V3)
  • Following this / Subsequently
  • In the next stage

Time clauses (finished step)

  • Once + S + have been + V3, …
  • Once + (fully) + V3, …
  • After being + V3, …

Inside the same stage

  • during this stage / process
  • …, where + clause
  • …, in which + clause
  • …, which + verb
  • …, a process that + verb

Change of phase

  • In the second phase, …
  • Turning to the second phase, …

Ending

  • Finally / Lastly
  • In the final stage
  • The process ends with + N
  • … culminating in + N

5Translation Practice – Vietnamese → English

Translate each sentence. The word in ( ) is the key word you must use. Check the Tense note, write your answer, then press Show answer.

🔒 The answers in Step 5 are locked. Enter Password 1 from your teacher:
1

Đầu tiên, chai thuỷ tinh đã qua sử dụng được thu gom (collected) từ các thùng chứa chai.

Hiện tại đơn BỊ ĐỘNG: are collected
2

Tiếp theo, chúng được đưa đến một nhà máy làm sạch, nơi chúng được rửa bằng nước áp lực cao (high-pressure).

Hiện tại đơn bị động + mệnh đề where
3

Sau đó, những chai này được phân loại (sorted) thành ba màu: trong suốt, xanh lá và nâu.

Hiện tại đơn bị động: are sorted
4

Sau đó, thuỷ tinh được nghiền (crushed) thành những mảnh nhỏ, được gọi là cullet.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + mệnh đề which
5

Ở giai đoạn thứ hai, cullet được trộn với cát và nấu chảy (melted) trong lò ở 1.500°C.

Hiện tại đơn bị động: is mixed and melted
6

Tiếp theo, thuỷ tinh lỏng được cho vào khuôn (moulds) để tạo ra chai mới.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + to V (mục đích)
7

Sau đó, những chai mới được đóng đầy (filled) đồ uống.

Hiện tại đơn bị động: are filled
8

Cuối cùng, những chai này được bán ở cửa hàng, và sau khi dùng chúng được trả lại (returned) các thùng chứa chai.

Hiện tại đơn bị động: are sold, are returned

6Linker Practice

Part A: drag (or tap) the linkers into the gaps. Part B: translate 10 sentences using the linker in ( ).

Part A – Drag & Drop (10 sentences)

Computer: drag a linker into a gap. Phone: tap a linker, then tap a gap. Tap a filled gap to remove its linker.

  1. , used glass bottles are collected from bottle banks.
  2. They are taken to a plant, they are washed.
  3. clean, the glass is sorted by colour.
  4. The glass is crushed into small pieces, are called cullet.
  5. the production phase, the cullet is melted.
  6. The cullet is heated it becomes liquid.
  7. The liquid glass is poured into moulds make new bottles.
  8. The new bottles are filled with drinks and sent to shops.
  9. The bottles are sold in shops returning to bottle banks.
  10. , the process begins again.

Part B – Translate with Linkers (10 sentences)

Use the linker in ( ) and follow the Tense note.

1

Quá trình bắt đầu bằng (begins with) việc thu gom chai đã qua sử dụng.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động · begins with + the + N + of + N
The process begins with the collection of used bottles.
2

Chai được đưa đến một nhà máy, nơi mà (where) chúng được rửa sạch.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + mệnh đề where
The bottles are taken to a plant, where they are washed.
3

Một khi (Once) đã sạch, thuỷ tinh được phân loại theo màu.

Once + adj + Hiện tại đơn bị động
Once clean, the glass is sorted by colour.
4

Thuỷ tinh được nghiền thành mảnh nhỏ, những mảnh này (which) được gọi là cullet.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + mệnh đề which
The glass is crushed into small pieces, which are called cullet.
5

Chuyển sang (Turning to) giai đoạn sản xuất, cullet được nấu chảy trong lò.

Hiện tại đơn bị động
Turning to the production phase, the cullet is melted in a furnace.
6

Cullet được nung cho đến khi (until) nó hoá lỏng.

Hiện tại đơn bị động + until
The cullet is heated until it becomes liquid.
7

Tiếp theo đó (Following this), thuỷ tinh lỏng được rót vào khuôn.

Hiện tại đơn bị động
Following this, the liquid glass is poured into moulds.
8

Sau đó (Subsequently), những chai mới được rót đầy đồ uống.

Hiện tại đơn bị động
Subsequently, the new bottles are filled with drinks.
9

Ở giai đoạn cuối (In the final stage), chai được bán ở cửa hàng.

Hiện tại đơn bị động
In the final stage, the bottles are sold in shops.
10

Quá trình kết thúc bằng (ends with) việc chai được đưa trở lại thùng thu gom.

Hiện tại đơn chủ động · ends with + N + being + V3
The process ends with the bottles being returned to bottle banks.

7Introduction – Paraphrasing the Task

Replace the task words with synonyms. Yellow = Band 6 feature · Purple = Band 7 feature.

Original words (task)Synonym 1 – Band 5.5Synonym 2 – Band 6.5Synonym 3 – Band 7.0
The diagram (below) showsThe diagram showsThe diagram illustratesThe given diagram depicts
the process for recyclingthe process of recyclinghow … are recycledthe stages involved in reprocessing
glass bottlesglass bottlesused glass bottlesused glass containers
Tip: “glass” must be kept. “containers” is an accurate synonym for “bottles”; “reprocessing” is an accurate synonym for “recycling”.

Sample Introductions

Sample 1 – Band 6.0

The diagram illustrates how used glass bottles are recycled so that they can be used again.

Band 6 features: a common reporting verb (illustrates), a how + passive clause and a simple purpose clause.

Sample 2 – Band 7.0

The given diagram depicts the stages involved in reprocessing used glass containers so that they can be sold once more.

Band 7 features: precise verb (depicts), academic noun phrase (the stages involved in reprocessing) and precise synonyms (containers).

Template for students

The diagram shows / illustrates how used glass bottles are recycled / the stages involved in recycling glass bottles so that they can be used again.

8Overview – Band 5.0 · 6.0 · 7.0

An overview gives (1) the number of stages and (2) the start and end; higher bands add (3) the main phases in more precise language. No details (no “1,500°C”, “high-pressure water”, colours or “cullet”).

Band 5.0

Overall, there are number steps in this process. It starts with N / V-ing and finishes with N / V-ing.
Example – Band 5.0

Overall, there are eight steps in this process. It starts with collecting old bottles and finishes with selling new bottles in shops.

Why only Band 5: two short simple sentences, basic words (steps, starts, finishes), no phases.

Band 6.0

Overall, there are number stages in the process, which can be divided into two main phases: A and B. The process begins with V-ing / N and ends with V-ing / N.
Example – Band 6.0

Overall, there are eight stages in the process, which can be divided into two main phases: the collection and preparation of used glass and the production and sale of new bottles. The process begins with the collection of used bottles and ends with new bottles being sold, so it is a cyclical process.

Band 7.0

Overall, the process comprises number + distinct stages, which fall into two main phases – A and B – commencing with the + N of + N and culminating in the + N of + N.
Example – Band 7.0

Overall, the process comprises eight distinct stages, which fall into two main phases – the collection and preparation of used glass and the manufacture and sale of new bottles – commencing with the collection of bottles from bottle banks and culminating in the sale of new bottles in shops.

Band 7 features: comprises, distinct, fall into, dashes for the phases, nominalisation (the + N of + N), commencing with … culminating in in one sentence.

Template – Band 6.0

Overall, there are number stages in the process, which can be divided into two main phases: phase 1 and phase 2. The process begins with V-ing / N and ends with V-ing / N.

Template – Band 7.0

Overall, the process comprises number distinct stages, which fall into two main phases – phase 1 and phase 2 – commencing with the + N of + N and culminating in the + N of + N.

9Writing Practice – Paragraph by Paragraph

Essay plan: Introduction → Overview → Body 1: Stages 1–4 → Body 2: Stages 5–8. Your writing is saved automatically on this device.

ParagraphFromToContentSuggested words
Introduction––Paraphrase the task20–35
OverviewStage 1Stage 8Number of stages, 2 phases, start → end30–40
Body 11. Collection4. CrushingCollection and preparation of used glass: Collection → Washing → Sorting by colour → Crushing60–80
Body 25. Melting8. Sale in shopsProduction and sale of new bottles: Melting → Moulding → Filling → Sale in shops50–70

A · Introduction

Exercise 1 – Match the paraphrase

Choose the best synonym for each original word from the task.

  1. shows →
  2. recycling →
  3. bottles →
  4. below →
  5. the process →

Exercise 2 – Complete the Introduction

Type ONE word in each gap (do not copy the task words).

The diagram the stages in reprocessing used glass so that they can be once more.

Exercise 3 – Write your Introduction

Use the template in Step 7. Use at least 3 synonyms from the table.

Words: 0 (target 20–35)

🔒 Models open with Password 2 – unlock it in Model Answers.

B · Overview

Exercise 4 – Complete the Overview

Type ONE word (or number) in each gap.

, there are stages in the process, which can be into two main : the collection and preparation of used glass and the and sale of new bottles. The process with the collection of used bottles and with new bottles being sold, so it is a process.

Exercise 5 – Choose the best Overview

Which sentence is a good Band 6.0+ overview?

Why? A gives details (water pressure, temperature) – these belong in the Body. C is an opinion – never in Task 1. B gives the number of stages, the two phases, and the start and end.

Exercise 6 – Write your Overview

Use the Band 6.0 or Band 7.0 template in Step 8.

Words: 0 (target 30–40)

🔒 Models open with Password 2 – unlock it in Model Answers.

C · Body 1 – from Stage 1 to Stage 4

Exercise 7 – Passive verbs

Write the correct passive form (V3) of the verb in brackets.

  1. First, used glass bottles (collect) from bottle banks.
  2. Next, they (take) to a cleaning plant.
  3. There, they (wash) with high-pressure water.
  4. After that, the bottles (sort) into three colours.
  5. Then, the glass (crush) into small pieces.

Exercise 8 – Check the details in the diagram

Look at the diagram and complete each fact (one word or number).

  1. The bottles are washed with water.
  2. The glass is sorted into clear, green and glass.
  3. The small pieces of crushed glass are called .
  4. In the first phase, there are stages.

Exercise 9 – Write Body 1 (Stages 1 → 4)

Start with “In the first phase, … / The process commences when …”. Use different linkers and include the key details.

Words: 0 (target 60–80)

🔒 Models open with Password 2 – unlock it in Model Answers.

D · Body 2 – from Stage 5 to Stage 8

Exercise 10 – Put the sentences in order

Choose 1–4 for each sentence.

Next, the liquid glass is put into moulds to make new bottles.
After that, the new bottles are filled with drinks.
In the second phase, the cullet is mixed with sand and melted in a furnace at 1,500°C.
Finally, the bottles are sold in shops, and after use they are returned to bottle banks.

Exercise 11 – Choose the correct linker

Pick the word or phrase that fits each gap.

  1. , the cullet to 1,500°C.
  2. The molten glass is poured into moulds, it is shaped into bottles.
  3. , the bottles in shops.

Exercise 12 – Write Body 2 (Stages 5 → 8)

Start with “In the second phase, … / Turning to the production phase, …”.

Words: 0 (target 50–70)

🔒 Models open with Password 2 – unlock it in Model Answers.

E · Put it all together

Exercise 13 – Your full essay

Press “Collect my paragraphs” to copy your four paragraphs here, then edit them into one essay.

Words: 0 (minimum 150)

Model Answers – Band 6.0 & Band 7.0

Try writing your own essay first, then open a model to compare. Highlighted = key collocations to learn.

🔒 The model answers are locked. Enter Password 2 from your teacher: